The United Nations Development Summit in 2015 adopted 4 The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development ',which is an ambitious development blueprint for the next 15 years formulated by all countries in the world. There are two underlying causes that impelled the United Nations to set the Agenda. One is to complete the unfinished business of the Millennium Development Goals,and another one is to promote international cooperation for coping with the new global challenges. The Agenda will reshape the global sustainable development governance system and provide opportunities for developing countries to participate in global sustainable development governance,and is also in favor of global sustainable development jumping out of climate change trap'. However, the Agenda also have defects that some of the sustainable development goals are overlapped and difficult to quantify, concrete recommendations for different types of countries have not been given, and the Rio principle is weakened, etc.. The Agenda is both an opportunity and a challenge for China' s future development. Opportunities include that the Agenda is conducive to China' s international cooperation in the field of sustainable development and the implementation of the One Belt and One Road Strategy,and challenge mainly include that China might face triple heavy pressure' imposed by the international community. For the future, China should: a) positively and proactively participate in the related processes of the Agenda in the position of being a developing country; b) formulate China s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development' under the framework of global 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; c) make favorable mechanism for multi-stakeholders, inter alia, enterprises, local authorities and civil societies, to participate in the Agenda and to create new economic growth points and jobs; and d) actively carry out international development cooperation and development assistance under the principle of in China ' s power and mutual benefit'and enlarge Chinese contribution for other developing countries to realize the Agenda.