Under the background of global warming,the influence of climate change cannot be ignored during the process of the Belt and Road Initiative. Here,we characterized the spatial distribution of temperature and precipitation in the countries within the Silk Road Economic Belt and systematically analyzed spatiotemporal changes over the last 35 years. We used daily observations of meteorological stations provided by National Climatic Data Center in America and employed Kriging interpolation,linear trend methods,accumulative anomaly curve,Mann-Kendall tests,and spatial statistics at regional,country and pixel scales. The results show that the study area had a warming of 0.4℃/10a from 1980 to 2014. Most countries entered a warmer phase at the end of 20th century. Further,of the whole study area,30.1% has warmed and only about 0.03% has experienced a drop in temperature. Precipitation has tended to decrease,but only 0.19% of the study area has a significant downward trend in precipitation. There were also some areas with a significant upward trend in precipitation,such as Saudi Arabia,southwestern Iran,western Bulgaria,northwestern Ukraine,northern Pakistan,northern India,Nepal,Laos,western China and central Russia. South Asia has had increasing precipitation since 1991,but all other areas have undergone precipitation decline since 1999. Climate change will result in pros and cons for countries in the study area. This study provides a scientific base and conducive reference for the adaption of relevant countries to climate change during development of the Belt and Road Initiative.