Sedimentary basin, a huge and important treasury of resources, comprises significant information of global climate change, fluid flow, geodynamics, and so forth. The requirements of mineral products and water resources for economic construction have speeded the development of sedimentary basin analysis. With years of systematic exploration towards sedimentary basin, a series of significant progresses and breakthroughs have been achieved in various aspects, which involve the formation and evolution mechanism of sedimentary basin, basin fillings, basin fluids, accumulation of the related resources, and so on. Subsequently, a new discipline termed as sedimentary basin geodynamics come into being. For the past few years, Chinese scholars have made outstanding achievements and progresses in many aspects, such as the dynamics processes of large superimposed basins and continental margin basins, continental sequence stratigraphy, deep-water sedimentation, and source-to-sink system, and so on. These researches not only serve various resource explorations comprising energy sources, mineral products, water resources, but also provide abundant information and detailed evidence for the researches on earth geodynamics, significant tectonic events, and global climate and environment changes.