This article takes the riparian dune of the Quanhe River Basin as the research object which is in trans-boundary area of Tumen River downstream. Based on remote sensing and GIS technology combined with data of remote sensing images and relief map in this area during 1984 to 2015, the spatial distribution and pattern change of riparian dune were analyzed, fractal dimension value and stability index of riparian dune calculated and the formation mechanism and development mode of riparian dune discussed. The results show that the riparian dune of study area is distributed in right coast of the river mainly. The main aeolian landform type include parabolic dunes, barchan dunes and longitudinal dunes, covering an area of about 15.71 km~2 and extending as a strip in WNW-ESE direction. On the whole, the aeolian sand landform area of A region is 7.06 km~2, and the landform type is mainly composed of fixed parabolic dune. The area of aeolian sand landform in B is 8.65 km~2, which is dominated by barchan chain. In resent 31 years, the area of sand dunes in the study area slightly decreased on the whole with a net decrease of 0.09 km~2. Besides, the A region that is far away from human activities continued to decrease with a range of 8.21% by now. There appears a trend of continuous reduction during the period of 1984 to 2010 with a decrease of 0.67 km~2 with the main performance being the fixed dunes because the vegetation was fixed with an increasing trend during the period of 2010 to 2015. The riparian dune of study area moves toward ESE-SE on the whole which is consistent with the main regional wind direction. The longitudinal section line of parabolic dune in A region extends as a strip in WNW-ESE direction; riparian dune appears as a forward migration in a way that spreads as the tongue shape at the leading edge, with an annual average moving rate of 1.8 m. The B region which is affected by human activities has a significant continuous increasing trend, and the increasing extent reached up to 32% in resent 5 years. It increased by 31% compared with the same period in A region, which also shows that the intensity of human activities greatly influence the development of sand dunes under the background of the same climatic change. The fractal dimension value of riparian dune is higher than that of desert dunes of inland area on the whole. However, there are no significant changes, which shows that riparian dune was in a relatively steady development and evolution process. The research provides scientific basis for sustainable development of ecological environment in trans-boundary area of Tumen River downstream.