The response and feedback of land surface processes to climate change constitute a research priority in the field of geosciences. Previous studies have focused on the impacts of global climate change on land surface processes; however, the feedback of land surface processes to climate change remains unknown. It has become increasingly meaningful under the framework of Earth system science to understand systematically the relationships between agricultural phenology dynamics and biophysical processes, as well as their feedback to climate change. This study summarized research progress in this field, including agricultural phenology change, parameterization of phenology dynamics in land surface process models, and the influence of agricultural phenology dynamics on biophysical processes, as well as its feedback to climate. The results showed that the agricultural phenophase, represented by paramount phenological phases such as sowing, flowering, and maturity, has shifted significantly because of the impacts of climate change and agronomic management. Digital expressions of dynamic land surface processes, as well as biophysical and atmospheric processes, have been improved by coupling phenology dynamics in land surface models. Agricultural phenology dynamics influence net radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, the albedo, temperature, precipitation, and circulation, thus, play an important role in surface energy partitioning and climate feedback. Considering the importance of agricultural phenology dynamics in land surface biophysical processes and climate feedback, the following research priorities have been identified: (1)interactions between climate change and land surface phenology dynamics, (2)relationships between agricultural phenology dynamics and different land surface reflectivity spectra, (3)contributions of changes in crop physiological characteristics to land surface biophysical processes, and (4)regional differences of climate feedback from phenology dynamics in different climatic zones. This review will be helpful in accelerating the understanding of the role of agricultural phenology dynamics in land surface processes and climate feedback.