As an integral part of the global climate system, the Asian monsoon has played a key role in linking climatic changes between high-and low-latitude regions. Monsoon-induced precipitation changes have significant impacts on the living environment in densely populated East Asia, especially in the context of global warming. Thus, investigating natural variability and dynamics of the Asian monsoon is essential for promoting a sustainable global future, because the monsoon-related hydrological cycle plays a critical role in global ecological and social systems. This project focuses on past monsoon variability and its dynamical links to global climate, and attempts to provide a natural analog for the current interglacial climate and a scientific basis for future climate projections. The major findings are as follows: By investigating Chinese loess, speleothem, lake and peat deposits, the research team employed multiple proxies to reconstruct Indian and East Asian monsoon variability on glacial-interglacial to centennial timescales. The team generated a high-resolution continental record of the Indian monsoon variability spanning the last 2.6 Ma from a paleolake in southwestern China; demonstrated the high degree of similarity between abrupt temperature-wind-precipitation changes during the last glaciation between high-and middle-latitudes; and produced a synthesis of speleothem-lake-peat records in order to address the spatiotemporal variability of the Holocene summer monsoon. Through integration of various proxies and model results, the team addressed the importance of interhemispheric forcing in driving Indian summer monsoon variability on glacialinterglacial timescales; confirmed the influence of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) on abrupt monsoon changes; and deciphered the asynchronous nature and drivers of the weakening of the Holocene monsoon. These findings demonstrate that multiscale monsoon variability is dynamically linked to external (Solar insolation and outputs) and internal (e.g., Antarctic temperature, Ice volume, AMOC) factors. Based upon integrated understanding of regional and global climate changes, the research team expanded past research on monsoon variability and dynamics to produce a new perspective on earth system science, as well as thoroughly considering the interplay among different timescales and various forcing factors. These results were published in high profile journals such as Science, Nature Geoscience, Geology, and Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Twenty major publications were cited more than 500 times by paleoclimate and modeling communities. In particular, a new theory on Glacial-interglacial Indian Summer monsoon dynamics was regarded as a challenge to traditional views of Indian monsoon dynamics and was listed among the Top Ten Scientific Progress of China and the Ten Geological Science and Technology Progress of the Geological Society of China in 2011. This work won a Second Class National Natural Science Awardwas award in 2016.