Geomorphic evolution is an important part of geomorphology. According to some indices including longitudinal section gradient,area-altitude curve,entropy of erosion basin(H(S)),entropy of longitudinal profile(H(N))and others,this paper studies the evolution of the main channel and basins of the Inner Mongolia based on a 30-m resolution DEM. Firstly,the index values and simulated their spatial variation trends were calculated by Grey model(GM(1,1)),then this paper discussed the formation mechanism of watershed landscape pattern associated with the tectonic activities,lithology characters and the climatic evolution. The results show that the ten Kongdui(seasonal river)basins are mostly in the mature stage of landform evolution except Hantaichuan basin(R5)and Haoqinghe basin(R6)being in the youth and old stages respectively,it means that there will be a high potential of sediment yield for a long time in the future. Sediment carried by the Kong dui is mainly consist of the coarse sands coming from Mesozoic loose sandstone(named asPishain Chinese)area in its upstream and desert sands coming from Kubuqi Desert. The erosion intensity of the west Kongdui basins is higher than that of the east and the main reason is that the uplift of the ground is higher than that of the west side,while the influence of climatic factors is less relatively. In contrast,as a result of the lower tectonic uplift and probably is also related to the slightly more rainfall and lithologic properties in the east basins,the evolution of longitudinal profiles of the main channel of the east area is characterized by a higher degree than the west. The formation of the existing landscape pattern of low in the east and high in the west might mainly occur in the Quaternary, and the landform evolution rate probably altered with climate change at the same time.