In this study, twelve temperature indexes recommended by World Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Index were computed and analyzed for the Yutian Oasis in the Keriya River Basin in south Xinjiang, China during the period of 1960 - 2010 based on the daily minimum and maximum temperature data observed by Yutian Meteorological Station. The results showed that the warm-related indexes including the warm days (TX90P), warm nights (TN90P), summer days (SU) and tropical nights (TR) increased by 1.45 d·(10a)~(-1), 1.82 d·(10a)~(-1),3.07 d·(10a)~(-1) and 1.66 d·(10a)~(-1) respectively. In contrast, the cold-related indexes including the cold days (TX10P), cold nights (TN10P), icing days (ID) and frost days (FD) decreased by 0.61 d·(10a)~(-1),0.91 d·(10a)~(-1),1.1 d·(10a)~(-1) and 0.9 d·(10a)~(-1) respectively. On the whole, the increase of warm-related indexes was faster than that of cold-related ones during the period from 1960 to 2010. Mann-Kendall test results showed that there were the abrupt changes of all the temperature indexes during the period from 1960 to 2010. The variations of extreme temperature indexes were obviously different between the periods of 1960 - 1986 and 1987 - 2010. Almost all the temperature indexes during the period of 1987 - 2010 changed more significantly than those during the period of 1960 - 1986. The increase trends of all the warm-related indexes occurred during the period of 1987 - 2010,but the cold-related indexes decreased significantly except the icing days (ID) during this period. Compared with the extreme temperature indexes of the whole nation and Xinjiang, the extreme temperature indexes in the basin were lower than those on national and Xinjiang scales during the period from 1961 to 2009. In contrast, the extreme temperature indexes during the period from 1987 to 2010 were higher than those on national and regional scales. There was a sharp temperature increase in the Keriya River Basin from 1987. This research could help us to know about the effects of global warming on this study area.