Accurate assessment on soil organic carbon pool under different vegetation types is of great importance in revealing the effect of soil organic carbon in the terrestrial carbon cycle. In this study,the distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon density (SOCD) under 10 vegetation types were comprehensively analyzed,and the soil organic carbon storage in Xinjiang was estimated. The main results showed that the vertical distribution of in 0-100 cm soil layer under the 10 vegetation types was obvious,and the SOCD was gradually decreased with the increase soil depth. The SOCD was the highest (63.86 kg·m~(-2)) under coniferous forest in Xinjiang,and then followed by meadow,broad-leaved forest,swamp,grasslands,shrubbery,alpine vegetation,cultivated vegetation, desert and land without vegetation respectively. The maximum value of soil organic carbon storage occurred in meadow (4.89 Pg),and then followed by desert,grasslands,alpine vegetation,land without vegetation (bare land),coniferous forest,cultivated vegetation,broad-leaved forest,shrubbery and swamp successively. At the 0-100 cm soil layer,the soil organic carbon storage was 16.4 Pg in Xinjiang.