In recent years,hazard of grassland rodents outbroke frequently,not only destroyed the vegetation and grassland landscape,but also caused serious economic loss,and it has become a major hidden danger of stock breeding development in our country. Rodent hazard occurrence and habitat of climate change are closely related. Through analyzing the relationship between the occurrence area and temperature and precipitation in recent 31 years in New Barag Right Banner,It was found that during the 1 and 2 periods of October in the last year,little rain had a negative effect on Microtus brandy on the winter food reserve; the low temperature during the 2 and 4 periods of January,as well as less rain during the period of 5 January,reduced the survival rate of Microtus brandy in the winter; the low temperature during the period of 1 April and the little rain during the period of 4 April, 5 May,3 June had inhibitory effect on the growth and development of Microtus brandy that was born in Spring. Through these analyses,it provide reference for grassland rodent control in New Barag Right Banner.