Since the 1980s,the works of environmental archaeology in the Chengdu Plain has made important achievements in the settlement and the geographical environment,in the development of the ancient climate and the ancient Shu civilization,in the catastrophe events,and in the comprehensive research on the man-land relationships. The research shows that: The emergence of the Chengdu Plain prehistoric cities has a close relationship with the geographical environment; since Mid-late Holocene,the climate in the Chengdu Plain has been warm and humid with many climate fluctuations and cooling events; ancient floods,ancient earthquakes and other natural disasters are closely related to the development of ancient Shu civilization; the comprehensive studies of the man-land relationship of many Pre-Qin Period sites in the Chengdu Plain illustrated that the comprehensive factors such as rivers,landforms and climates were closely related to the change of prehistoric settlements. In general,the environmental archaeology in the Chengdu Plain has gone through three stages. However,it is still limited by the research materials and methods,and still lacks the research of the high-resolution paleoenvironment evolution. The coupling relationship between abrupt climate changes and some important nodes in the Chengdu Plain during the Pre-Qin Period is still unclear. In addition,it is necessary to strengthen the study of settlement environment archaeology related to the river geomorphology in the future. GIS and RS analyses of the relationship between environmental change and human activities and quantitatively modelling studies of prehistoric relationship are also important environmental archaeological works in the Chengdu Plain in the future.