Carbon sink capacity is the main basis for evaluating the effects of forest ecosystem on the reduction of global warming. Based on the data including Phyllostachys edulis forest carbon storage, climate, precipitation, density of population and gross domestic product in nine prefecture-level cities of Fujian Province in 1985, 1996 and 2006, we used correlation analysis and linear regression to analyze the relationship between Phyllostachys edulis forest carbon storage and main influencing factors. The results showed that influencing factors affected Phyllostachys edulis forest carbon storage as follows: (1) the carbon storage increased with the rising of precipitation without significant correlation(R = 0.281,P = 0.156), while it decreased with the rising of temperature with significant correlation(R = 0.748,P <0.01). The influence factors of temperature and precipitation were 5.63 and 1.46 comparatively. (2) Population density had a significant negative correlation with carbon storage(R = 0.693,P < 0.01). (3) Compared to the spatial distribution of carbon storage, GDP had the opposite pattern that the high level of GDP in prefecture-level cities relatively had low carbon reserve. Our results can provide theoretical basis for improving the site selection of carbon sequestration capacity of Phyllostachys edulis forest and useful information for carbon trading market.