Three scenarios were designed according to IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)method,and the energy consumption of China mainland in 2020 and 2050 under different economic development scenarios(A1B,A2 and B1 scenarios)were predicted by IPAT equation,SO_2 and NO_x emission inventory of China were established based on the emission factors of different sectors and different fuel types. The emission of SO_2 and NO_x were the highest under the A1B scenario,followed by A2 scenario of which the economic development was relatively slow,and B1 scenario had the lowest pollution emissions. The result shows that: Thermal power,industry and transportation were the main sources of SO_2 and NO_x emission,thus they were the key sectors of pollution control in the coming decades.