Microbial community and phosphorus forms in response to simulated climate warming were studied by high-throughput sequencing and ~(31)P nuclear magnetic resonance(~(31)P-NMR) respectively, which were from wetland soils in constructed microcosm columns. The results revealed that relative abundances of Firmicutes, Clostridia, Clostridiales, Clostridiaceae and Clostridium were significantly decreased by 65%-98%, 69%-87%, 67%-87%, 73%-97% and 74%-93% under warming condition respectively, suggesting warming had a significant inhibitory effect on the bacterial lineage from Firmicutes to Clostridium at different taxonomic level. Particularly, principal coordinate analysis and cluster analysis also demonstrated warming had a significant effect on microbial community structure with obvious separation of samples between control and warmed groups from each wetland column site. Phosphorus forms were dominated by phosphomonoester and orthophosphate in each wetland column soil, which were significantly increased and decreased by 275% and 20% in XX wetland column soil respectively. Similarly, phosphomonoester and polyphosphate were also found to be increased and decreased by 85% and 49% in JH wetland column soil respectively, indicating that phosphorus forms in response to warming had soil heterogeneity. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that obvious changes in microbial community composition had significant effects on phosphorus forms under warming condition.