The eco- environmental pressure of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (TGRR) is increasing with the immigrants'relocation. The poverty alleviation work becomes more and more difficult, when the climate change and deterioration of eco-environment and are intertwined with immigrant poverty. Firstly, we put forward the index system of poverty alleviation pressure from the perspective of eco- environment based on the Driving forces- States- Responses (DSR) model. Then, we explore the developing relationship between eco- environment and social economy based on a Back Propagation (BP) Neural Network and decoupling analysis. Lastly, we analyze the trend of period and regional distribution of poverty alleviation pressure, based on Geographic Information System (GIS). The results show that: (1) The poverty pressure is relieving from 2007 to 2013. Whereas, 76% of the counties in the TGRR are improving their economic development at the cost of destroying the eco-environment; (2) In the upper stream of the TGRR, the poverty alleviation indexes of the east are higher than the west, showing the trend of polarization; (3) In the middle of the TGRR, the poverty pressure collapses, conducing the situation ofdecentralized development and poverty aggregationsin the TGRR; and (4) In the lower stream of the TGRR, it falls intothe vicious circle of eco-environment and economy. On the basis of the findings, we proposed some policy recommendations correspondingly in an effort to improve reservoir poverty from the eco-environmental perspective.