Populus is one of the most widely distributed species in the world. Their responses to environment changes have become the matter of great concern worldwide in the circumstances of global climate change. Climate change interfere in plant physiology and growth,but its effect has not yet been reviewed statistically for Populus. In this paper,meta-analysis was used to quantitatively outline the research progress of the effect of environmental factors ( temperature,CO_2 concentration,drought) on physiology and growth of Populus. The results showed that ( 1) warming significantly increased the height growth ( + 78.32%),leaf area( + 58.23%),and root biomass ( + 89.59%), leaf biomass ( + 71.69%),but decreased the water use efficiency ( - 22.61%) and carbon isotope ( - 5.51%) of Populus. ( 2) Elevated CO_2 significantly increased leaf area( + 49.65%),the photosynthetic rate ( + 22.53%),root biomass ( + 72.36%) of Populus but decreased the stomatal conductance ( - 17.21%) of Populus. ( 3) Drought significantly increased root /shoot ratio ( + 38.95%) and water use efficiency ( + 34.52%) but significantly decreased the leaf area ( - 148.53%),and total biomass ( - 70.81%) of Populus. According to literature review,the responses were different or even adverse when plants grown under the combination treatments compared to those grown under single treatment,indicating responses of plants to individual effects of environmental factors ( temperature,CO_2 and drought) can be neutralized by other simultaneous environmental changes. The future research direction about Populus under global climate change was suggested.