In order to better understand the epiphytic lichen species distribution patterns and their relationship with environmental factors, an investigation was conducted in 15 sampling plots randomly designed at different altitudes in Tumur Peak National Nature Reserve. Canonical correspondence analysis was performed using coverage of 31 lichens and 5 environmental factors. The results showed that lichens were different in abundance and spatial distribution in response to changes of four environmental factors, including altitude, humidity, light intensity and canopy density. Some lichens may be potentially threatened by global warming and aridification. Increasing canopy density and habitat moisture could be effective conservation strategies for these lichens.