Global climate warming characterized in mean earth surface temperature rise and regional rainfall wave brings a severe challenge to agriculture and food safety. The impact of climate warming on agriculture has attracted extensive attention from important governmental members of each country, scientists in related fields and organizations in the society. The research on the characteristics and mechanisms of response of crop growing progress, plant morphological structure, physiological and biochemical progress, etc to global climate warming is significant for understanding the impact of climate change on crops and the process characteristics and mechanisms, and it is an important scientific basis for treating against global change and making adaptive measures. Potato is the fourth major food and vegetable crop after paddy rice, wheat and maize. This paper summarizes the characteristics and mechanisms of potato growth, morphological structure, stem tuber, water utilization efficiency, yield formation, quality change, main disease and so on responding to climate change in and out of China, reviews the potato adaptability and critical threshold in climate warming, and discusses problems in the research on the impact of climate warming on potato. Based on the above mentioned, this paper makes an outlook on key scientific points which are necessary for front field research and likely broken through: the first is to further understand the interaction of regional warming and CO_2 concentration rising on potato by simulated experiment; the second is to analyze the correlation of intensity, time period and persistence of the interaction of warming and CO_2 concentration rising responding mechanism to the carbon exchange, water physiological ecology, and quality change process of potato, and the responding mechanism of cellular and molecular level; and the third is to study the reversibility limit in potato growing under various climate ecological factors including high temperature threat, water threat and CO_2 concentration multiplication, etc.