Huining county is located in the southern Loess Plateau in China. As a very typical arid/semi-arid area in hilly and gully regions of the Loess Plateau, it seems to be a very significant test area for evaluation of Grain for Green Project. In this paper, MODIS NDVI was selected as the data source to track the variation of vegetation coverage in Huining from 2000 to 2010 and vegetation coverage maps from different periods using the two sub-pixel model. In this study, results show that the vegetation coverage exhibits higher in the southern region, but lower in the central and northern regions in Huining county. Since the policy of Grain for Green Project was put into force, the vegetation coverage in the county has increased and maintained above 20% in most years whereas it has reached to peak value of 36.60% in 2005. During 11 monitoring years, the land is dominated by low and medium-low vegetation coverage type with a large spatial variation. The increased areas of the vegetation coverage are about 70.60%, where the transformation of vegetation coverage is mainly focused on the range from 10% to 45%. Both human activities and climate changes are the main factors to induce the changes of vegetation coverage. Meanwhile, there is a significant correlation (R~2 = 0.688) between precipitation and vegetation coverage.