Climate warming has been widely reported across the globe, especially in high-latitude regions. There is an increasing body of evidence that a temperature increase would greatly affect tree growth and forest ecosystem. To simulate the effects of climate warming on the radial growth of Larix gmelinii,eight-year-old young trees in Dailing,Sunwu,Songling, and Tahe ( from low to high latitude) were transplanted to Maoershan (the lowest latitude) in 2004. We collected the micro-growing cores from the main trunks and segments of the branchlets from trees growing at the four transplanting origins and the one transplanting destination in the growing season of 2013. The enlarged and mature cells in main trunk and branchlet in each year were identified, and their sizes and quantities were measured by paraffin section methods. The results showed that the size and quantity of enlarged and mature cells in the Larix gmelinii trunk increased with the simulated temperature increase, but the radial growth increment of the main trunk did not respond to the temperature increase. In the early part of the growing season (June),the quantity of mature cells in Dailing was significantly higher than that of the other two groups, whereas the cell number in August was relatively lower, indicating a pattern of continuous growth. In the late part of the growing season ( August),the size and differentiation number of enlarged cells in the transplanting origin of Songling was 5 mum and 4,respectively, whereas these values were 9 mum and 7 in the transplanting destination(Maoershan),representing a nearly 2-fold increase. The size of mature cells in the transplanting origin of Songling was larger than that in the other two groups, which may be related to the change in water status. Temperature increase didn't directly change the physiological characteristics, such as plant growth period, which might be controlled by genetic factors. We found that the branchlets were more affected by the temperature increase than the main trunk. The radial growth of Larix gmelinii, including the diameter, number, and growth period of the tracheids, is expected to decline when global temperature increases, especially during epochs with the contemporary precipitation decrease. Our provenance experiments provide important original data to benchmark the predictions on the climate warming effects on Larix gmelinii growth and forest ecosystem changes in northeast China.