Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deposition caused by human activities imposes a serious impact on soils. Exogenous N can directly increase the contents of total N and available N in soils,improve soil P availability,and reduce the total P content; exogenous P will increase N absorption of trees from soils and may decrease soil total N. The effect of exogenous N on the microbial community exists in three cases: promotion, inhibition and no effect. Exogenous P usually increases microbial biomass,changes the original microbial community composition of forests; exogenous N can increase,decrease or have no effect on the activity of soil enzyme. Effects of N and P deposition on soil enzymes vary. Effect of exogenous N on soil enzyme activity is related with soil depth and enzyme species in forest soil. Little study has been conducted on the effect of exogenous P on enzyme. Future study on N and P deposition will focus on tropical N and P deposition,ratio of N to P of soil,interaction effect of N and P deposition on soils,comparative analysis of N and P deposition under different terrains,forest types,forest ages,the key factor to buffering N and P deposition in ecosystem, the effects of N and P deposition on soil under the global climate change.