[Objective] Taking the typical oasis of Ganzhou District of Zhangye City, Gansu Province as an example, the temporal and spatial pattern of farmland productivity in that oasis and the effect of global change on the farmland productivity were researched, to provide decision-making basis for regional agricultural resource management and planning. [Methods] Using the data such as MOD17A3 NPP product, meteorological data and agricultural statistics data, the research was conducted by GIS spatial analysis technology. [Results] The minimum and maximum values of different types of net primary productivity (NPP) in Ganzhou District appeared in 2001 and 2007 respectively. The range of annual average farmland NPP in Ganzhou District was 109.3~420.5 g/(m~2 · a),and its spatial distribution was approximately consistent with the farmland. For same type of farmland, its productivity of high elevation area was less than that of low elevation. All of which indicated that the agricultural productivity was determined by both of farmland type and altitude. The NPP trend had an obvious spatial heterogeneity. Area of increased agricultural productivity covered 40.9% of the total area, among which, the mainly increased types were dry land and irrigated cropland in high altitude region. The dry land and irrigated cropland above 1 800 m had a higher increasing trend of annual precipitation than that of average temperature, which made the NPP a significant increasing trend. [Conclusion] The ecosystem productivity of Ganzhou District from 2001 to 2010 had obvious spatial and temporal differences, the annual NPP of dry land and irrigated cropland exhibited an increasing trend, while the paddy NPP showed a decreasing trend.