Unique alpine ecosystem is in the source region of Yangtze River,to study the alpine vegetation net primary production (NPP) change and relationship to climate factors is considered to reflect alpine ecosystem responses to global climate changes.In this study,the light use efficiency model based on remote sensing data was used to simulate the NPP from 2001 to 2010 in the resource region of Yangtze River,the relationships between NPP and climate factors were also analyzed.The results indicated that:1) mean annual vegetation NPP was 171.83 gC/m~2/a,while the biggest NPP type was alpine coniferous forest (392.64 gC/m~2/a) and alpine steppe was the lowest NPP (70.41 gC/m~2/a).The NPP of alpine grasslands that were most widely distributed in the area accounted for 86.6% of the total.2) Vegetation NPP increased by 6.39 gC/m~2/a,but not significantly.The increase range decreased from southeast to northwest.NPP increase trend in alpine coniferous forest,scrubs,alpine meadow,alpine steppe and alpine vegetation were 15.98,12.61,3.13,2.69,and 1.01 gC/m~2/a,respectively.3) Vegetation NPP was more sensitive to temperature than precipitation,the increase temperature was the key factor for the NPP increase from 2001 to 2010.The results of this study would be beneficial for the understanding of the alpine ecosystem characters in the resource region of Yangtze River,and could provide the scientific basis for the design and development of the ecosystem.