The influence of fishing pressure and climate change on the catch of small yellow croaker from Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea was studied according to the data collected from 1962to 2012.We used the Fox surplus production model to fit the influence.The partial correlation between the variation of small yellow croaker catch and the climatic variables wasdetermined using a multivariate linear regression equation according to the inter-annual variation of multiple climatic factors and climatic indexes.We found that small yellow croaker catch from Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea was relatively stable from 1962to 1989,but soared from 1990to 2010.After removing variation trend of catch caused by increasing fishing pressure,the variation of catch was significantly partial correlated with sea surface temperature and summer monsoon in Yellow Sea($P < 0.05$),while negatively partial correlated with North Pacific Index and winter monsoon in Bohai Sea($P < 0.05$).The Fox model was optimized by considering the influence of climatic factors.The catch of small yellow croaker fitted by fishing effort and climatic variables was significantly correlated to the actual small yellow croaker catch from Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea($R= 0.90$,$P < 0.01$),which indicated that variation of small yellow croaker catch was affected by fishing pressure and climate change.According to the future scenario of climate,small yellow croaker catch will experience greater fluctuation in future.