为探讨气候变化背景下东北农作区大豆需水量变化特征,基于Simulation of Evapotranspiration of Applied Water(SIMETAW)模型,利用东北农作区58个气象站点19612010年的气象资料,分析气候变化背景下大豆不同生育时期内有效降雨量、需水量(ETc)与缺水量(WD)的时空变化特征。结果表明:近50年来东北农作区大豆花前有效降雨呈微弱增加的趋势,花后有效降雨呈下降趋势,大豆全生育期有效降雨量呈下降趋势,气候呈现暖干趋势;在大豆全生育期及各生育阶段长白山区的有效降雨量均高于其他亚区。全区大豆全生育期50年平均需水量为398.29 mm,呈下降趋势,其分布呈西多东少、南多北少;全区大豆播种-出苗阶段需水量多年来保持稳定,平均为27.36 mm,其分布呈北部及中部多、南部少。全区大豆出苗-开花阶段平均需水量为130.90 mm,呈下降趋势,其分布呈南多北少,全区大豆开花-成熟阶段平均需水量为240.03 mm,呈上升趋势,其分布呈中部多、南北少。近50年来,东北农作区大豆全生育期及不同生育阶段内缺水量为正值,其中松辽平原区大豆缺水量值最大。如果不考虑灌溉,研究区域有效降雨不能满足大豆的需水,有条件的地区,应适时补充灌溉,来保证大豆的稳产高产。
英文摘要:
In order to study the variation characteristics of soybean water requirement and provide a theoretical basis for designing reasonable irrigation measures of soybean production in Northeast Farming Region under the background of climate changes,this study was based on observed daily meteorological data of 58 meteorological stations in Northeast Farming Region from 1961 to 2010,using the Simulation of Evapotranspiration of Applied Water(SIMETAW)to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of the effective precipitation,water requirement(ETc)and water deficit(WD)in different growth periods of soybean.The results showed that the effective precipitation increased slightly before soybean blossoming,while it displayed a decreasing trend after soybean blossoming in nearly 50 years in Northeast Farming Region.Effective precipitation showed a decline trend in the whole growth period of soybean,the climatic became warm and dry.The effective precipitation of the whole growing period and different growth stages of soybean in Changbai area was higher than that in other sub-regions.In the whole growth periods of soybean,the average ETc of soybean was 398.29 mm,which showed a downtrend,its distribution was gradually increased from east to west and from north to south;In the growth stage of sowing-to-emerging of soybean,the ETc of soybean remained stable over the years with an average ETc of 27.36 mm,and its distribution was more in north and middle region while less in south;In the growth stage of emerging-to-flowering of soybean,the average ETc of soybean was 130.90 mm,which had a decline trend,and its distribution was more in south and less in north;At the growth stage of flowering-to-maturing period of soybean,the average ETc of soybean was 240.03 mm,which showed the decreasing trend,and its was higher in the middle region and lower both in the north and south.The WD of soybean was positive value in the whole growth period and different growth stages of soybean in Northeast Farming Region over nearly the past 50 years,the WD of soybean in Songliao area was more than that in other sub-regions,effective precipitation cannot meet the demand of water requirement of soybean without irrigation.Therefore,timely irrigation is important to ensure the high and stable soybean yield if conditions permit.