For a long time,there is a contradiction between food production and ecological protection. In order to achieve the goal of food security,people ignored the ecological protection. Using the causal analysis method,this paper analyzed the evolution relationship,influencing factors,and content of grain production and ecological protection,and then proposed some solutions to design the macro - control policy. The results showed that: first,due to unreasonable agricultural production,the ecological environment was destroyed,such as soil erosion,water resource waste,soil residue of chemical fertilizers and pesticides,and so on. Correspondingly,the destroyed environment had caused serious damage to the crop production. The consequences showed not only the current ecological imbalance,but also a serious threat to food security in future. Finally,it put forward some policy recommendations,such as improving the effective use of the government,establishing agricultural natural resources protection mechanism,strengthening the ecological agriculture dominant position,enhancing the protection of agricultural ecology,and designing legal means to ensure food security.