It is of great significance to evaluate the response of farmland ecosystem to climate change and estimatecrops yield on spatial scale timely and accurately. At the same time,it is crucial for making scientific and reasonable grain policy and grain international trade. Winter wheat production in Henan province accounted for one quarter of the whole country wheat yield. Therefore,it has an important role in maintaining national food security for estimating accurately of winter wheat yield in Henan province. As a crucial technique in estimating the yield of crops, yield per hectare estimation is difficult. With the development of remote sensing technology,a remote sensing model based on the physiological processes can be used for continuous dynamic yield analysis at regional and global scales with high spatial and temporal resolution. A representative model of vegetation photosynthesis model which fully considered the limitation of light,temperature,water and vegetation phenology on GPP,can reflect the influence of environmental conditions on the growth of vegetation. This paper used the vegetation photosynthesis model(VPM) model to estimate regional winter wheat gross primary productivity(GPP) and net primary productivity(NPP) based on the quantitative relationship between GPP and NPP. And then,the yield per hectare was carried out by combining harvest index,water and carbon content of winter wheat,and the proportion of NPP distribution to the ground or underground part. The results showed that the correlation was significant between simulated and measured data (R~2 = 0.7,n = 50,p < 0.01). The average yield per hectare was 6 810kg /hm~2,and the simulated yield was 6 519 kg /hm~2 with a underestimation of 4.4%. By comparing with MODIS-GPP products,the simulation results based on VPM were better than MODIS-GPP products. The study demonstrated that VPM can quickly and accurately estimate the spatial scale winter wheat yield per hectare in Henan province.