In order to promote the comprehensive utilization of crop straw in China,and alleviate the environmental problems effectivelly caused by straw burning,the statistical analysis of various crop straws in Huanghuaihai region, Northwest region,Northeast region,Southeast region and Southwest region were carried out to study the straw yield, straw resource density, straw utilization structure and carbon emission from straw burning. The results showed that the amount of straw resources reached 1. 04 billion t,and the collected amount reached 0.9 billion t. Maize, rice and wheat straw yield accounted for the proportion of the total 79. 19% , and the yield of straw in Huanghuaihai region was the highest,accounting for 33. 41% . The utilization amount of straw was 0. 721 billion t,and the comprehensive utilization ratio was 80. 11% . The proportion of fertilizer,fodder, stroma, energy and fuel,feed stock was 53. 93%,23. 42%,4. 98%,14. 27% and 3. 40%,respectively. There was a significant difference in the comprehensive utilization ratio and utilization structure among different straw species. The density and per capita hold of straw resources were 523. 57 kg/667m~2 and 1. 75 t respectively,and the Northeast region was significantly higher than the national average, but the southwest and southeast regions were significantly lower than the national average. According to the proportion of open burning in 2015,straw burning amount was 81. 1 millin t in China, the total carbon emissions was about 34. 5 millin t,and the northeastern region accounted for about 74. 1% . The above results showed that the focus and difficulty of straw comprehensive utilization was in Northeast region. Promoting the full use of straw had a very important significance to the development of low-carbon agriculture and response for climate change.