Agricultural activity has emitted a large amount of greenhouse gases,and has become an important contributor to global climate change. The study explored farmers' low carbon agricultural production behavior and its influencing factors, so as to find an effective way to reduce carbon emissions based on the farmers' level,and provide reference for low carbon agricultural development in Xinjiang, using the method of the Binary Logisitic model. The results showed that farmers' age, cultivation scale, education level, consideration on the affection on environment in production,pollution control of agriculture production, and so on, had significant effects on cotton farmers' fertilizer application. Among them, farmers' age and education level were negatively factors. Finally, it proposed some countermeasures and strategies,such as strengthening the propagandization of green cultivation and low - carbon production conceptions, formulating targeted training, educating and motivating strategies,establishing technology - innovation farmer demonstration platform to enhance farmers' communication,and promoting the guidance and promotion of low carbon technology in agriculture, and so on.