Technology is an important means to deal with climate change. The expansion of key technology innovation differences is not conducive to the coordinated development of countries to cope with climate change. Based on the methods and theories of big data mining, Theil index and spatial econometrics, this paper analyzes the evolution of spatial and temporal pattern of key technology innovation differences of countries along the Belt and Road Initiative with the patent of technology innovation output as the data source. The results show that: first, the difference of key technology innovation of climate change in countries along the route shows a declining trend on the whole, and the initial shock is smooth to the later stage. Second, regional technology innovation differences shows a high spatial agglomeration effect. The aggregation patterns of High-innovation to High-clustering (H-H) and Low-innovation to Low-clustering ( L-L) have a certain period of stability. Some regions are facing the risk of being trapped in technical poverty trap. Third,there are convergence clubs in different countries along the route on climate technology innovation, and individual countries may experience different clubs over time. According to the characteristics of convergence and technical needs of those countries, four categories can be distinguished: technology transferring out area, technology diffusion area, technology undertakes area and technology transferring in area. Technology transferring out area is more concentrated in some economically developed and energy-dependent eastern countries. Finally, this paper puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations are as follows: first, it is necessary for the international community to develop a differentiated and focused assistance program while countries developed emission reduction policies according to their own situation. Second, technology innovation power should give technical demander to the concession in matters related to the handling of intellectual property rights of technology transfer on climate change. Meanwhile, technology transfer should take into account the regional synergies and geographical proximity of the diffusion effect. Third,China should play the role of South-South Cooperation Assistance Fund, strengthen the help of common technologies in specific regions, establish a joint research and demonstration mechanism with appropriate national on key technologies,and establish the image of great powers. Fourth,China should speed up the strategic layout along the route, develop differentiated industry and technology transfer policies based on the status quo of climate change in different regions and their technical capacity,and strengthen technical cooperation and trade with countries along the route to form a complementary industrial chain.