Alxa Desert is the typical continental arid regions,and belongs to the warm temperature zone,which located in the center of Asia.Three deserts are distributed in the Alxa Plateau,including of Badain Jaran,Tengger and Wulanbuhe Desert.Two inland rivers,Heihe River and Shiyang River,terminated in this area.The Alxa Desert is also the sandstorm source region and the main sandstorm route in china.Therefore,this area was the key area of desertification controlling zone in the Ecosystem Security Initiatives Pattern of the China Ecosystem Barrier System.Understanding systematically the regional climate change,environment evolution and its driving mechanism is benefit to the controlling of desertification and the related policy making.Based on the aforementioned,this paper reviewed the study process on the characteristics of regional climate changes recorded by the instrumental and proxy indexes and the influencing mechanism of general atmospheric circulation,environment evolution features of the regional and typical landscapes,driving mechanism and quantitative methods of the driving factors'distribution,and put forward the key study points needed to pay attention on Alxa Desert in the nearest future.