Based on the minute precipitation data of 17 meteorological stations in Fujian Province during 1964 2012, the rainstorm frequency of 1 h,3 h and 6h were constructed. The spatial distribution characteristics, climate change feature and the weather background of the extreme precipitation frequency and extreme value were studied. The results show that the coastal area of Fujian province not only has more rainstorm frequency but also has high intensity. Although the rainstorm frequency in west areas is relatively more, but the intensity is slightly weaker than that of the coastal region. The central region was the minimum area for rainstorm frequency and the extremum. The frequency and extreme value of each short-time rainstorm showed a certain increasing trend, in which the frequency of 6 h and the extreme value of 1 h was the most significant. Mutation analysis showed that the abrupt time of 1 h rainstorm frequency and extreme value was in the early 1990s, and the 3 h and 6 h was in the late 1980s, which showed that the short-time rainstorms during the last 20 years in Fujian Province was increased and strengthened. Inland areas of short-time rainstorm weather background is mainly frontal rainstorm, for different duration frequency accounted for 70% of the total frequency above; coastal area 1h duration front rainstorm frequency is about 50% more than the typhoon rainstorm, with increasing duration, 6 h frontal and typhoon rainstorm frequency equals of typhoon or slightly larger than the frontal rainstorm.