This paper is inclined to make a discussion over the strategy for estimation and control of the greenhouse effect in the aircraft practice during the cruise phase, which is intended to reduce the impact of CO_2 and NO_x on the greenhouse effect emitted by the aircraft engine. To achieve the purpose, we have, first of all, managed to establish a calculation model of pollutant emission. And, then, based on the emission reference model for taking-off and landing cycle suggested by ICAO, we have obtained the actual emission index of NO_x with the double logarithmic linear fit method, so as to establish the calculation model of pollutant emission for the entire flight process. We have built up the calculation model for characterizing the parameters of the greenhouse effect based on the global warming potential and that of the global temperature change. Afterwards, taking B737800 as an example, the fuel flow and the fuel consumption quantity have been calculated and worked out under the different cruise altitudes, the Mach number, the aircraft weight of its own, and the external temperature deviation, etc. Furthermore, the rest calculation procedures have been followed to check the pollutant emissions, the integrated radiative forcing, and the global temperature changing potential on the basis of the emission calculation model and the greenhouse effect characterization model. What is more, the influential factors of the global total temperature change potential have also been taken into account by controlling the different cruise conditions. And, eventually, it is of great importance to set up the concept and calculation model of the green cruise altitude. Then, the variation of the green cruise altitude under the multiple impacts of the 3 factors has also to be determined. Thus, all the above gained results can demonstrate that the total temperature change potential for 50 years as a categoric characterization parameter of the greenhouse effect can effectively reflect the impact of the aircraft engine emissions on the atmospheric environment. At the same time, we have also illustrated and confirmed that the cruise altitude, temperature, Mach number and aircraft weight may all have significant effects on the total temperature change potential caused by the engine emissions. Besides, the aircraft cruise height has the greatest impact on the total temperature change potentiality. Therefore, with other conditions being fixed, the green cruise altitude has to be 100300 meters lower than that of the fuel-efficient. Thus, it can be concluded that cruising at the green cruise altitude can effectively reduce the impact of the aviation activities on the global greenhouse effect under the premise of with no increase of large amounts of fuel consumption.