In this paper,object-oriented classification method was adopted to extract the lake information of Mount Qomolangma Nature Reserve by Landsat satellite images,and to analyze lake dynamics and the responses to regional climate change. The results showed: ( 1) Total lake area was 489.07 km~2 in the Mount Qomolangma Nature Reserve in 2015,and tectonic lake,fluvial lake and glacial lake accounted for 77.3%,2.6% and 20.1% of the total area,respectively. ( 2) During 1975-2015,the change rates of area were different for various kinds of lake in the reserve: glacier lake ( 1.05 km~2·a~(-1) ) >tectonic lake ( -0.85 km~2·a~(-1) ) >fluvial lake ( 0.013 km~2·a~(-1) ) ,with the change rates of glacier lake on south slopes ( 0.53 km~2·a~(-1) ) >that on north slopes ( 0.52 km~2·a~(-1) ) . ( 3) There were periodic changes for the response of tectonic lake and fluvial lake in the north slopes with regional climate. During 1975-2000,the climate in Mount Qomolangma region was in warm and wet. In 2000,the lake areas of tectonic lake and fluvial lake reached to peak values. The two kinds of lakes had increased 22.8 km~2 totally. During 2000-2015,the regional climate had changed to warm and dry,and the lake areas of tectonic lake and fluvial lake had decreased. An area of 57.16 km~2 had decreased totally. However,as the warming of regional climate,the total area of glacial lake had enlarged constantly. The glacial lake had increased 43.06 km~2 in the reserve in the near 40 years. ( 4) The grey relational analysis ( GRA) results indicated that annual extreme low temperature had the most significant influence on the tectonic lake area. Annual mean air temperature had dominant effects to glacial lake and annual mean humidity had the largest impact on fluvial lake. Compared with other climatic factors,precipitation has the smallest impact on the area of various kinds of lakes.