There are great differences in climate change between high mountains and plains in the Urumqi River basin of Xinjiang. Researching the vertical gradient variations of air temperature and precipitation in this regions may be useful for knowing the interaction process among various geographical factors. Based on the observation in the Urumqi River basin,the change trend of air temperature and precipitation,the relationship between air temperature,precipitation and its inclination rates with altitude are analyzed in this paper. The results showed that the air temperature and precipitation had increased from 1961 through 2016. The inclination rates of air temperature and precipitation in Daxigou Station were 0.189 ℃·( 10a)~(- 1) and 28.83 mm·( 10a)~(- 1),respectively, and those in Urumqi Station were 0.268 ℃·( 10a)~(- 1) and 18.85 mm·( 10a)~(- 1),respectively. Air temperature and precipitation have close relationship with altitude; air temperature gradually increases and precipitation decreases as elevation decreasing. The inclination rate of air temperature in high altitude is larger than that in lower elevation,while it is reverse for that of precipitation. The curve of monthly air temperature inclination rate varying with elevation shows down ~ up ~ down ~ up,with a peak during ablation period. The value of precipitation inclination rate shows slightly descending ~ dramatically ascending ~ dramatically descending ~ slightly ascending, and reaching the maximum in summer.