Soil carbon sequestration and stability in coastal wetland are of great significance in maintaining primary productivity of wetland and mitigating global warming. Current studies about soil carbon stability mainly focused on the inland ecosystems while lack on the coastal wetland. Based on the content and active fractions of soil organic carbon, the responses of soil carbon fractions to varied salinity were analyzed. Meanwhile, three stabilization mechanisms of soil organic carbon were reviewed, and the game of soil carbon stability and main ions in salt was in depth explored. Furthermore, based on the study of carbon sequestration and stabilization of coastal wetland, three scientific issues have been suggested, including the interaction mechanism of soil carbon stabilization and nutrient cycling, and the relationship between soil carbon stability and microbial and enzymatic mechanisms, as well as the coupling research of multi-factor and multi-process, in order to understand the possible evolution trend of carbon sequestration, and for strategies making aiming at sustainable carbon sequestration in coastal wetland under the rising sea level, as well as to provide sound knowledge base for the development and improvement of carbon cycling theory in wetland soil of China.