Qinling-Daba Mountains, as the geographical dividing line in central China, is the main water source area of the middle line project of transferring water from south to north, and also a sensitive area of the regional response to the global climate change. The spatio- temporal variation of vegetation, as a main component of terrestrial ecology system, represents the comprehensive response to climate change and human activities. Based on the MODIS data during 2001- 2014, this study estimated the soil moisture using temperature vegetation dryness index, dynamically monitored the distribution characters and spatiotemporal variations of vegetation cover and soil moisture, analyzed its change trend, forecasted its future trend, and explored the interrelationship between vegetation cover and soil moisture in Qinling-Daba Mountains. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Vegetation showed an increasing trend in Qinling-Daba Mountains during 2001-2014 years, as well as soil moisture, which respectively represented the best in 2010 and 2011, then both showed declining trends. (2) Vegetation distribution had a feature ofhigher overall and lower in the middle, while soil moisture withlower in the north and higher in the south, which showed a positive spatial correlation. (3) Vegetation had an obvious improving trend, and the significantly improved areas are dispersionally distributed, with no obvious concentration areas, and degraded areas were mainly concentrated in the north of Weihe River and a few areas along the eastern edge. Soil moisture increased significantly, and the increased areas distributed almost over the entire area except the northwest and northeast edge, and the reduced areas were small and not noticeable. The reverse variation of vegetation cover was stronger than continuous change, but soil moisture was just the opposite. In predicted future, in 44.36% of the study area, dispersed in entire area, the vegetation cover will undergo a process from increase to reduction, while soil moisture will continue to grow in 43.98% of the study area, including Qinling mountain in Shaanxi Province, Daba mountain in Sichuan province, and some parts of Jialing River basin and Han River. (4) The correlation between vegetation cover and soil moisture is positive. Nearly 69.71% of the study area showed an increasing tendency in both vegetation cover and soil moisture content, which was distributed in almost all parts of the study area except for the edges.