全球气候变暖带来的危害促使国际社会在CO_2减排方面达成了共识,近年来备受关注的碳捕集与封存(carbon capture and storage,简称CCS)技术作为CO_2减排的重要手段,正处于快速发展阶段。CO_2海洋封存是CCS技术中实现CO_2减排的一项最具发展潜力的方法,认识其发展现状对于进一步研究CO_2封存具有重要参考价值。对CO_2海洋封存的发展现状作了具体分析,阐述了CO_2海洋封存的方法,包括海洋水柱封存、海洋沉积物封存、CO_2置换天然气水合物封存和海洋增肥4种方法。指明CO_2海洋封存现阶段存在封存成本极高、存在泄露风险、政策法规缺失和公众认知度低4个问题。建议应从完善法律法规、加强国际合作、重视监测技术、提高公众认知4个方面做好CO_2海洋封存下一步的研究与实践工作。
英文摘要:
The harm brought by global warming leads the international community to reach a consensus on CO_2 emission reduction.In recent years,more and more attentions have been drawn to the Carbon Capture and Storage(CCS)technology,an important means of CO_2 emission reduction,which is in the stage of rapid development.CO_2 ocean sequestration is one of the most promising methods for CO_2 reduction in CCS technology and it is of great reference to study CO_2 sequestration further.This paper mainly discusses CO_2 ocean sequestration,including marine water column storage,marine sediment storage,CO_2 replacement of CH4 in gas hydrate and ocean fertilization.Then,the paper elaborates development status of CO_2 ocean sequestration and finally proposes that we should improve laws and regulations,strengthen international cooperation, attachgreat importance to monitoring technology and improving public awareness in the future research and practice of CO_2 ocean sequestration.