The significant dust source of the Northern Hemisphere is the result of arid and semiarid climate change in northern China. It has already attached increasing attentions of the international community as it can affect the ecological environment of the Northern Hemisphere. Otindag sandy land is located in the arid and semiarid region of Inner Mongolia plateau in northern China, where is the boundary of the East Asian monsoon. The ecological environment in this sand land area is fragile and sensitive to climate change. However, the previous studies on paleoclimate change in this area are mainly concentrated on period less than 20 ka B.P., and the research before 20 ka B.P. have rarely been reported. The volcanic area of Otindag sandy land is an important part of the Cenozoic volcanic region in China. Basalt interbeded with sand layer, mud shale, sandstone and conglomerate formed by multiple volcanic activities is widely developed in this region. In this study, the dating data of K-Ar for basalt, paleomagnetism for clastic rock sediments in fluvial and lacustrine facies and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) for aeolian sediments are summarized based on the chronology of predecessors in Otindag sandy land. In addition, the corresponding chronological framework of sedimentary strata is established using these age data. Compared with sedimentary facies and climatic proxies, climate in Otindag sandy land was relatively warm and moist from Late Paleocene to Early Eocene. During the Middle Eocene and Late Eocene, climate was relatively arid, and it was warm and humid in the Oligocene. The climate experienced an transition from warm and arid in the Early Miocene to warm and humid in the Middle Miocene, then became dry and cold in the Late Miocene. It was relatively humid during Pliocene and lasted until the Middle Pleistocene. Climate in the study area became relatively arid in the Late Pleistocene. The climate has fluctuated frequently in cold, warm, dry and wet after Holocene. The uplift of the Tibetan Plateau has a great influence on climatic change since Cenozoic in Otindag sandy land. Climate changes corresponded to the global warm and cold events during the Early and Middle Cenozoic. Climatic variations of Otindag sandy land since the Late Cenozoic are interpreted as the teleconnection to the global ice volume change, and the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau which reinforce the East Asian Monsoon.