In order to predict the impact of future climate change on the potential suitable distribution of Tamarix taklamakanensis,a rare endemic plant species in China, the climate situations in the past (1961 - 1990),2 050 and 2070 were selected to simulate the dynamic change of the distribution of T. taklamakanensis in the Kumtag Desert using the Maxent model. The research results are as follows: ① The suitable distribution areas of T. taklamakanensis would be the Tarim Basin,Turpan Basin,Kumtag Desert,and northwest region of the Alxa Desert in Inner Mongolia, a nd the most suitable potential distribution area would be the Kumtag Deser in the hinterland and the eastern part of the Tarim Basin; ② Compared with the past potential distribution of T. taklamakanensis,the most suitable potential distribution areas would be shrunk in both 2050 and 2070; ③ The climatic factors affecting the potential distribution of T. taklamakanensis would be mainly the precipitation in the driest season,annual precipitation,annual temperature and precipitation in the warmest season.