Ecological security is closely related to the peoples survival and development. In the context of global warming, the ecological and environmental problems have become increasingly prominent with the frequent human activities. Oases in arid areas are the regions with vulnerable environment and economy. Study on ecological security of oases in arid areas is of great significance to the economic stability and development of oases. Based on the land use /cover data in 1965,1 980, 1995, 2005 and 2015, the study analyzed the temporal and spatial changes in human disturbance and ecological security of oases in the economic zone on northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in recent 50 years by establishing the ecological security index through human disturbance index and landscape vulnerability index. The results showed that the human disturbance in the study area in recent 50 years was increased year by year and reached to a moderate-strong degree in 2015. The human disturbance degree in Urumqi,Shihezi,Kuytun, Miquan and Changji was higher than that in other regions. The ecological security in the economic zone on northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains tended an increase firstly and then a decrease in recent 50 years. The unsafe level and critical level were dominant in the economic zone on northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains,and the regions with these levels were increased and shifted northwestward. The ecological security level was low in Karamay,Shawan and Manas County. Urban construction,oasis expansion and excessive land reclamation were the main factors in reducing ecological security. Structure,human activities and policy were the driving factors of ecological security change in the study area. Structural and policy factors affected the large-scale pattern of ecological security, a nd human factors affected the small-scale one,On the whole, the ecological environment in the economic zone on northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains is currently still in a high hidden danger,and it is necessary to make reasonable use of land resources in the future development so as to ensure a sustainable development of the study area.