Coccolithophores (LC) are a class of marine micro-phytoplankton that are widely distributed in the global oceans. They constitute one of the marine phytoplankton functional groups that play important roles in calcification and in the carbon cycle of the ocean through inorganic carbon fixation. During the rapid proliferation of living coccolithophores, large amounts of volatile dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and acrylic acid are released, which have a profound influence on climate change, particularly causing regional environmental effects (greenhouse). This article briefly discusses about the biological characteristics and the ecological importance of living coccolithophores.