With the global warming,population growth and deterioration of the natural environment, the requirements for maize yield and resistance are getting higher and higher. Traditional crossbreeding can no longer meet the requirements. The rapid development of molecular marker technology and the organic combination of molecular marker technology and traditional breeding have opened up a new way for maize breeding. This paper discusses the application of molecular marker technology and molecular marker-assisted selection in maize disease resistance,insect resistance,drought resistance, aphid resistance,cold resistance,salt and alkali resistance,and lodging resistance breeding. It also analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of molecular marker-assisted selection compared to traditional breeding. The application prospect and development trend of molecular marker-assisted selection in breeding are prospected. The importance of the popularization and application of molecular marker-assisted selection in actual production is summarized.