【Objective】In the present study,the compositions of carbon footprint(CF)of rice production and its influencing factors were analyzed to provide reference for low carbon agricultural development mode and energy conservation and emission reduction in agricultural production in Heilongjiang.【Method】Based on the rice planting area,yield and agricultural input in Heilongjiang during 2005-2006,CF of rice production in Heilongjiang during 2005-2010 and 2011-2016 were compared through the Life Cycle Assessment theory(LCA),analysis of variance and Pearson correlation ana-lysis,and CF of rice production in Heilongjiang were calculated,analyzed and evaluated.【Result】The research results showed that the area-scaled carbon footprint(CFs) in rice production was found to be 1895.38254.86 kg·Ce/ha in avera-ge,the change of CFs was large and fluctuant. The average carbon cost(CFp)for 1 kg of rice was 0.280.04 kg·Ce, and the average carbon efficiency(CE)was 3.610.46 kg/(kg·Ce). Between various periods,the average value of CF of rice production during the period of 2005-2010 was significantly lower than the period of 2011-2016 in Heilongjiang(P< 0.05,the same below). In the composition of CF of rice production,irrigation electricity accounted for the largest proportion, which was about 36%,the rest indexes followed the order of fertilizer>agricultural film>diesel>rice seed>pesticides. Meanwhile,the irrigation electricity consumption was significantly positively correlated with the area-scaled CFs of rice.【Suggestion】So,improving the utilization efficiency of water resources,rationally improving the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer,and vigorously promoting the technology of oil saving for agricultural machinery is the only way to achieve the coordination of development of economy and environment,and achieve energy saving and emission reduction in Heilongjiang Province.