As an important component of atmospheric aerosol, black carbon has been widely concerned and studied due to its tremendous role in solar radiation forcing and climate change. In order to study the distribution and environmental effect of black carbon aerosol in Wuhan city, based on the data of black carbon aerosol that observed from 10 parks' green lands of Wuhan city and the data of main pollutants from September 2015 to February 2016, the temporal and spatial distribution of BC aerosol during autumn and winter in Wuhan, its relationship with main pollutants, and the backward trajectory simulation of two large BC pollution events, were analyzed mainly by using correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and HYSPLIT4 model. At the same time, the concentrations of BC in Wuhan were compared with other major cities at home and abroad during autumn and winter. The results mainly included: (1) The daily average concentration of BC was (5.2273.12) mug·m~(-3), ranging from 1.205 to 16.534 mug·m~(-3). (2) The monthly average concentration of BC had a trend, which was January>December>September>September> November, and the BC concentration was higher in winter. (3) Shimenfeng Park was highest in ten parks, while East Lake Scenic spot was lowest in the spatial distribution of BC concentration variation, the main reason for this diversities was the close distance from factories that emit pollutants and main road. (4) The BC background concentration of Wuhan in autumn and winter was 5.45 mug·m~(-3) which was calculated by the maximum frequency method. It had a difference obviously with Xining, Chicago, Urumqi, etc. (5) BC had a negative correlation with O_3 and positively correlated with PM_(2.5), PM_(10), CO, the correlation coefficients respectively were-0.436, 0.885, 0.658, and 0.8. By using multiple linear regression model, its regression equation came as follow: Y=-1 136.564+4.216X_1 +66.316X_2-7X_3+40.324X_4. And (6) the two large BC pollution events were analyzed by back-trajectory model. It indicated that the two sources of pollution were different. And the trajectory analysis of different seasons also showed that Wuhan was affected by different air masses in the autumn and winter. The research results can provide data foundation for black carbon aerosol observation in Wuhan city, and improve the systematic observation and research of black carbon aerosol in China.