The differences of growth habit, soil types and ground conditions of different vegetation types in the same region may lead to the changes of carbon storages of the ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to reveal the carbon source/sink change in vegetation layer and carbon dynamics in soil layer in middle Yunnan Province. We studied carbon distribution pattern of ecosystem and its influencing factors by standard plot sampling combined with biomass measurements. Carbon content, biomass and carbon storage of five different forest types, including tree layer, shrub layer, herb layer, litter and soil, and their distribution of Pinus armandii (HSS), Pinus yunnanensis (YNS), Keteleeria evelyniana (DYS), Quercus aquifolioides (GSL) and Evergreen broad-leaf (CL) ecosystems in subalpine of middle Yunnan Province were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The carbon content of vegetations in five different forest types were ranged from 45.60% to 57.60%. Tree layer, shrub layer, herb layer and litter accounted for 56.46%~92.28%, 1.12%~13.15%, 003%~2.19% and 6.21%~30.26% of the total vegetation carbon storage, respectively. The carbon storage of the vegetation layer was ranked as HSS>CL>YNS>DYS>GSL; (2) Soil carbon storage of five different forest types decreased significantly with the increase of soil depth, which was mainly stored in the surface layer of 0~30 cm, accounting for 52.6%~79.8%. The total soil carbon storage in the layer of 0~60 cm presented in the order of DYS>CL>HSS>GSL>YNS. And (3) the carbon storage of five different forest ecosystems was ranked as CL>HSS>DYS>YNS>GSL. The sum of tree and soil layer accounted for 95.1%~99.2% of the total ecosystem carbon storage, and the proportion of understory layer was lower. Carbon storage in HSS, DYS and CL ecosystems were higher than others. Carbon sequestration ability of vegetations in YNS and GSL ecosystems were stronger than others. We should formulate feasible forest management measures to improve forest quality and increase forest stand density, and make them play better carbon function in response to climate change.