The process of rice growth and development is affected by climatic conditions. And this process in turn can reflect the variation of climatic conditions. Based on phenological and meteorological observation data of double rice in China during 2000-2013, this paper studied the changing trends and spatial distribution of rice phenophase, and relationships between the growth period lengths (vegetative growth period, reproductive growth period, and the whole growth period) of double rice and the corresponding hydro-thermal conditions. The results showed that the numbers of delayed stations were always more than those of advanced stations for most phenophase. Different from the general phenomenon of global warming, there was no significant change in average temperature and total precipitation during growth period from 2000 to 2013. Meanwhile, the length of growth period was negatively correlated with average temperature, and positively correlated with total precipitation. In addition, our study quantified the impact of temperature and precipitation on the length of each growth period in different agricultural areas, and showed the result that temperature played a more important role than precipitation. With selecting rotation stations, the reasonability of using annual climate data to climatic data during growth period substitute to study the characteristic of rice phenology was also discussed.