China is at the key node for urban ecological transformation for its rapid urbanization.However,technology,management and ensuring mechanisms have lagged behind urban development.Here,the origins,development history and latest ideas of eco-cities have been summarized,including the International Guidelines on Urban and Territorial planning and Assessment Standard for Green Eco-district.Nine cases(including two eco-communities)with similar size at home and abroad were selected to analyze their planning and construction characteristics,compare their strategic planning,transportation,technology and industry,public participation and safeguard measures.Finally,four suggestions were made as follows:1)Developing long-term strategies to address potential risks such as climate change at the city level and shortterm goals should be appropriate for assessment;2)enhancing people-oriented and inclusive public services;3)promoting systematically thinking,local technical innovation and industry transformation;4)providing opportunities for public participation and strengthening supporting measures.