Estimating the influence of lithology on dissolution rate and finding out different dissolution types are very helpful to improve the accuracy on carbon sink intensity,which have great significance to the research on global climate change. Through tablet and weighing methods,the experiment of carbon specimen dissolution on four different lithological character,different geomorphic types and buried depth was carried out in arid and semi - arid areas,south of Jindong Coal Base,Sangu Spring Basin,Shanxi Province. The results showed that the dissolution quantities decreased with elevation rising in different geomorphic types. For different carbon specimens,the dissolution quantities in a descending order as: Carboniferous bioclastic grainstone,Ordovician marlstone,Ordovician limestone,and Cambrian dolostone. For different buried depth,the dissolution quantities decreased from ground to surface to underground 0.2 m,and increased from underground 0.2 m to 0.5 m. Under the action of acidic mine water,four different carbonate rocks' dissolution quantities increased markedly. Two dissolution types of carbonate rocks dissolution were summarized. The process of water erosion consume a part of CO_2,it belongs to the carbon sink. The process of acid erosion release a part of CO_2,it increases a part of carbon source, which having a great importance for improving the carbon sink calculation accuracy.