全球气候变化导致频繁的降水或干旱,降水量是影响生态系统生产力的关键因子.根据全国17种类型的森林、 1 266个森林样地的调查数据,分析中国不同类型森林的降水利用效率(Rain-use Efficiency,RUE)差异、与年均降水量的关系以及其他环境因子对RUE的影响.结果表明:(1)中国森林的RUE平均值为1.21 g m-2 mm-1,RUE与降水量呈负相关关系;(2)阔叶林(主要由被子植物构成)的RUE均值显著高于针叶林(主要由裸子植物构成),阔叶林比针叶林更适应降水量的变化;(3)落叶林的RUE均值显著高于常绿林,随着降水量增加,落叶林的RUE值降低直到达到一个阈值,而常绿林的RUE值与降水量没有显著的相关性;(4)纬度和年平均温度是复合环境因子中RUE的主要限制因子.综上所述,随着降水量增加,中国森林群落的RUE下降直至阈值,气温是影响中国森林RUE的主要环境因子.
英文摘要:
Water plays an important role in the growth of plants. It is important to investigate the responses of different ecosystems to precipitation patterns, especially in terms of global changes involving extreme precipitation or drought. However, little is known about the rain-use efficiency (RUE) in China's forests and the correlation of the RUE with the precipitation and other environmental factors. Furthermore, it is unclear whether differences in the forest types or functional groups result in divergent RUE patterns. To investigate the RUE in China's forests, we analyzed the data from 1 266 sampling plots from 17 forest types. The results indicated that: (1) the mean RUE of China's forests is 1.21 g m-2 mm-1. The RUE and precipitation are negatively correlated in all the 17 forest types; (2) the average RUE of broadleaved forests (mainly angiosperms) is higher than that of coniferous forests (mainly gymnosperms), and the angiosperms are more adaptable to changes in the precipitation than gymnosperms; (3) the average RUE of deciduous forests is higher than that of the evergreen forests. The RUE of deciduous forests declines with increasing precipitation to a threshold value. However, the RUE of evergreen forests are unaffected by changes in the precipitation; and (4) the latitude and mean annual temperature are the major factors constraining the RUE under comprehensive environmental factors. We conclude that the mean RUE declines with increasing precipitation to a threshold value, and that the temperature is a crucial factor for RUE.